Maternal protein malnutrition has lasting effects that negatively impact brain development and offspring behavior, increasing the risk of anxiety and depression, altering stress coping. It has been described that malnutrition increases the risk of deregulated immune response leading to neuroinflammation, but little is known about the role of astrocytes in response to early life adversities. Astrocytes serve many basic roles for brain functioning and are unique in their capacity of sensing and integrating environmental signals. To understand the role of astrocytes in a model of perinatal protein malnutrition, we investigated whether astrocytes are involved in the response to early-life adversities.
In this study, we examined GFAP+ area in the hippocampus of both female and male mice exposed to a low (8% casein, LP) or normal protein diet (20% casein, NP) during gestation and lactation. We performed an IHC against GFAP in free-floating sections and analyzed the intensity and area of GFAP+ staining in the hilus and molecular layer of the hippocampus. Results show less area covered by astrocytes in both regions in LP-group compared to the NP-groups only in female offspring to P21. No significant differences were observed in GFAP intensity in female, nor in GFAP intensity or area in male offspring at P21 in either regions. These results contribute to the understanding of malnutrition impact on astrocytes and remark the region and sex dependent nature of stress response.