This study traces the socio-epistemic transformations of neurosciences in Argentina through a bibliometric approach. Metadata of international publications in neurosciences with at least one author with Argentine affiliation for the period 1980-2020 were retrieved from Scopus. They were analyzed using the Cortext platform with algorithms for period selection, term extraction, Sankey diagram, and network construction. From this, semantic networks and social networks were built, representing the conceptual structure and social structure, and their transformations in three different periods (1980-1991; 1992-2006; 2006-2010). In addition, the results were triangulated with document analysis and interviews. The results allow to observe the emergence of neurosciences as a differentiated discipline, the integration of different disciplines and lines of research, such as the integration between laboratory studies and clinical studies, the shift towards neurodegenerative diseases, the import of scientific agendas, the centrality of technological developments, among other key phenomena. These findings provide a nuanced understanding of the socio-epistemic evolution of neurosciences in Argentina, highlighting key drivers and trends that shaped its development.