Early-life nutritional imbalances and adult exposure to obesogenic environments are key obesity risk factors. Using a rodent model of neonatal overfeeding (small litters, SL) and cafeteria diet (CAF) in adulthood, we evaluated long-term effects on food intake regulation. Male Wistar rats were raised in small (SL, 4 pups/dam) or normal litters (NL, 10 pups/dam), fed a control diet (CON) until postnatal day (PND) 90. Then, they received CON or CAF for 11 weeks (NL-CON, NL-CAF, SL-CON, SL-CAF; 12±2 rats/group). Behavioral tests were conducted. At PND167, blood, fat pads and brains were collected. Ventral tegmental area (VTA), Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) and Arcuate Nucleus (ARC) were isolated by micropunch technique for qPCR and methylation analysis. Our results demonstrate that neonatal overfeeding and/or CAF diet exposure increase the body mass index, alter satiety response and induce anxiety-like behavior in adulthood. Within the homeostatic system, SL induced a long-term downregulation of POMC and NPY expression. DNA methylation changes were consistent with POMC repression. In the hedonic system, dopaminergic pathway disruptions were observed: NL-CAF showed reduced dopamine synthesis in the VTA, while SL-CAF exhibited enhanced dopamine clearance in the NAc. These findings reveal distinct obesity-related mechanisms driven by early-life and adult environments, highlighting the need for tailored therapeutic strategies.