Spatial cognition refers to the ability of organisms to orient and navigate within their environment. Two major navigation strategies have been described: egocentric (e.g., turn response) and guidance (e.g., reliance on visual cues). In this study, egocentric navigation in amphibians was examined. Amphibians share several strategies with mammals and also possess a brain structure homologous to the mammalian hippocampal formation: the medial pallium. Male and female Rhinella arenarum toads were trained in a T-maze daily to locate a reward (water) using an egocentric strategy (turning to the left or right, depending on the group). Once the learning criterion was reached (above random), brains were extracted and processed using the AgNOR histological technique to detect cellular activation (revealed by nucleolar staining). Results revealed sex-related differences in learning acquisition: males reached the criterion in fewer sessions than females. Histological analyses showed that the medial pallium exhibited the highest level of neural activation in trained subjects. These findings highlight the medial pallium as a key brain structure in amphibian spatial learning phenomenon and support its functional homology to the mammalian hippocampal formation.