Although adolescent central nervous system is highly vulnerable to different environmental stimuli, there has been limited research on the impact of urban traffic noise on hippocampal (HC)-dependent behaviors. Enriched environments (EE) have been shown to protect against HC damage. The aim of this study was to explore the behavioral effects of traffic noise in adolescent rats and EE housing as a neuroprotective tool. Adolescent Wistar rats of both sexes were housed either in standard or EE cages and exposed to traffic noise (2h/day, for 5 days). Behavior was assessed using Open field, Inhibitory avoidance and Elevated Plus Maze tasks. Traffic noise enhanced habituation memory (HM) and risk-assessment behaviors (RAB) in males, whereas in females HM was impaired. All these effects were prevented by EE housing. EE alone increased exploration and decreased anxiety-like behaviors (ALB) in both sexes, while RAB was reduced only in females. In noise-exposed females housed in EE an increase in RAB was found. In conclusion, traffic noise affected HC-related behaviors in a sex-dependent manner: in males, it triggered compensatory responses (i.e., faster habituation to novel environments and RAB), whereas in females it impaired cognitive performance, indicating greater vulnerability. Although EE housing in females could increase vulnerability to environmental threats, it seemed that EE could be an effective neuroprotective tool, by preventing changes and promoting adaptive responses.