This study investigates the relationship between sleep deprivation and political polarization through two experimental protocols. We conducted an 8-hour total sleep deprivation (TSD) experiment (n=20) and a 4-hour partial sleep deprivation (PSD) experiment (n=44) to examine their effects on ideological extremism and affective polarization. Results revealed a significant increase in ideological extremism following TSD in between-subjects analysis (Cohen's f² = 0.48), while no significant effects were observed with the PSD protocol compared to the regular sleep (RS) condition. Importantly, moderation analyses revealed that political orientation significantly influenced susceptibility to sleep deprivation effects, with different patterns emerging in between-subjects versus within-subjects analyses. Left-wing participants showed greater vulnerability to increased ideological extremism under sleep deprivation in between-subjects comparisons, while right-leaning individuals demonstrated this effect in within-subjects analyses. No significant effects were observed on affective polarization in either protocol. These findings suggest that sleep deprivation may contribute to political polarization by increasing ideological extremism, particularly when considering political orientation as a moderating factor. The study provides novel insights into the complex relationship between sleep and political cognition in distinct sociopolitical contexts.